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YOU MIGHT HAVE GONE PAST THIS ALL YOUR LIFE: Photographs of Public Art In The Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel

29 Wednesday Dec 2021

Posted by kcarchivist in Photographs

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archives, history, metro, public art, transit

People celebrating opening of bus tunnel
Opening day for the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, September 15, 1990. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 1, Folder 20, 1147-1-20-001_8285-3-41_Opening, 1990]

Among the hundreds of digitized records we have available that represent documents, maps, and photographs from our collection, I’ve recently discovered a bounty of photographs documenting local transit projects that have brought me great joy. Series 1147 includes several photographs of people, places, and activities, many of which are related to Metro transit from the 1970s-1990s. But among many of the photographs documenting buildings and the landscape of major transit thoroughfares in downtown Seattle, it’s the photographs of transit history that is right under our feet that I’ve found most captivating.

Traveling around King County, you may have noticed a lot of public art out there. There are great examples on sidewalks, office building plazas, parks, waterfronts, and more. If you’ve ever been down into the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel among the hustle of commuters, did you notice the murals and decorative elements of the floral tiles on the walls at Westlake or the structural arch tubing at the above-ground entrance to the former Convention Place Station? The Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel started bus service through the tunnel just over 30 years ago, back in the Fall of 1990. Moving through the tunnel to get to the bus (and now just the light rail), it’s easy to pass on by the art and architectural design of each station that runs through the downtown corridor. These sometimes-hidden gems, are the product of more than 30 artworks that were commissioned from 25 artists during the planning and building phase for the tunnel back in the 1980s. The concepts and design for the art and architecture of each station are a response to the neighborhoods each station exists within. From northeast downtown to the south in the International District, the original footprint of the tunnel system was 5 stations:

Convention Place–>Westlake–>University Street–>Pioneer Square–>International District.

While I’m still going through the photographs we have of the public art installed throughout the five stations in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, I want to call out a few photographs that I’ve identified so far at two of the original five stations. Let’s take a look at the former station to the northern end of downtown:

–>Convention Place

Formerly situated at 9th Ave and Pine Street in front of the Paramount Theatre to greet travelers and commuters heading into the tunnel to go north to the U District or south to the International District and beyond, the Convention Place Station was the northern starting point to go underground and travel the length of the downtown area in a matter of minutes. Named for its proximity to the Washington State Convention Center, the station existed and operated bus travel in this space until its closure in 2018. Today, transit riders traveling south in the tunnel are arriving from the Capitol Hill Station situated up on Broadway East between East Olive Way and East Denny Way in the Capitol Hill neighborhood.

While in operation as a tunnel station, this open-air station featured art and architecture with Alice Adams and Jack Mackie as the lead artists and architect Robert Jones as the station designer. One of the most prominent artworks at this station was the dual marquee entrance that met travelers going in and out of the southside of the station plaza at surface street level to pop over to the Paramount or elsewhere into downtown. Designed by artist Alice Adams, the dual marquee design pictured below included metal and neon tubing inspired by the Paramount Theatre marquee across the street and NYC’s Chrysler Building.

Install of artwork in front of Paramount Theatre
Install of Alice Adams’ marquee artwork. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 1, Folder 21, 1147-1-21-020_7965-17_ConstrParamount, undated]
Detail image of neon tubing on sign
Detail image of neon tubing in Alice Adams’ marquee artwork. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 5, Folder 13, 1147-5-13-116, undated]

From the former Convention Place Station, let’s move on down to the next station on the tunnel route to stop in at Westlake Station.

–>Westlake

Located between 4th and 6th Ave on Pine Street, the station continues to serve travelers and commuters in the Westlake Center and Westlake Park area. With Jack Mackie as the lead artist and architect Brent Carlson as the station designer, the station art and design are characteristic of the Westlake shopping hub and gathering place of the Westlake Park plaza that surround the surface streets of the station.

One artwork that you might have missed buzzing through the station are the terra-cotta tiles that line the south wall of the station. The tiles are relief designs of roots and vines evocative of Westlake Park just above on the surface. Below is artist Jack Mackie developing the relief style of one of the terra-cotta tiles that would eventually go onto the entire garden wall.

Artist working on sculpture
Artist Jack Mackie working on terra-cotta tile for the garden wall install at Westlake Station. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 5, Folder 13, 1147-5-13-114, undated]
Wall with terra-cotta artwork
The terra-cotta tile wall by artist Jack Mackie installed at Westlake Station. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 5, Folder 13, 1147-5-13-113, undated]

And at the busy platform of transit riders idling for the next light rail to come or hustling by to the next destination on the surface streets, this Roger Shimomura mural is just one of the murals representing the public that moves about the city and surrounding areas each day. Other murals at Westlake Station not pictured here are by Fay Jones and Gene Gentry McMahon.

Image of mural
Panoramic image of mural by artist Roger Shimomura installed at Westlake Station. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 5, Folder 15, 1147-5-15-089, undated]

The above artworks and artists are certainly not the only public art to be enjoyed or reminisced throughout the tunnel’s history. I’m only just discovering all these public art photos and in time I hope that the tour can continue on down through the tunnel. Thanks for joining me on this brief trip!

Clock artwork being installed
Install of the 3rd and University street clock artwork designed by artist Heather Ramsay. [From Photographs: Prints, Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts, Series 1147, Box 1, Folder 27, 1147-1-27-049_8099-8A_3rdAveClockInstall, undated]

Want to learn more?

If you’d like to learn more about the public art in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, the following articles were very helpful in gathering details for this post. The articles cover much more about the opening of the transit tunnel and the artists and intent involved in the art and design of each tunnel station.

  • ‘Art-itecture’ of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, Your guide to the tunnel’s built-in public art By King County Metro
  • Bus service begins in downtown Seattle transit tunnel on September 15, 1990. By Walt Crowley, HistoryLink.org, September 15th, 2000

Other resources to learn more about the tunnel construction and design:

  • Scenes from the late 1980s: Looking back at the construction of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, by Jill Anderson, Bytes and Boxes, March 21st, 2019
  • Tunnel Visions — Bus Labyrinth Beneath Seattle Spawns Gallery by Karen Mathieson, Seattle Times, September 12th, 1990
  • Currents; In Commuter Tunnel, Art at Every Stop by Patricia Leigh Brown, New York Times, October 4th, 1990

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Celebrate Archives Month with the Archivists

20 Wednesday Oct 2021

Posted by kcarchivist in Archives Month

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archives, history

If you’ve ever browsed an archives catalog, occupied a research room, or noticed a very tidy box in your research, maybe you’ve wondered: “Where’d that come from?” Archivists are like ghosts: if they do their job right, you don’t even notice what they’ve done. For every fifteen minutes you spend researching, some archivist has spent three hours making it easy. Whether that’s creating a finding aid or getting an entire catalog online, archivists work diligently to keep the records of yesterday and today available tomorrow, whatever that may look like. Everyone loves an archive and to hold history in their hands! The confidence that our legacies will remain past ourselves makes archives something to celebrate.

              But let’s try a pivot. Let’s still love the old documents and books and photographs and tapes—we know the archivists do! But when we say we love archives, let’s try bringing a different image to mind. The archives are not the documents. The documents are just things. Their value to us, and that appeal of archives, is in their context. Context which is maintained and sometimes provided by the archivists. The archives are the work. The archives are the time that goes into the preservation, description, and retrieval of the records. They are the physical movement of the archivists.  Labeling acid-free folders in pencils with neatly printed handwriting. Pulling on each cord in the digitization station to find out what it’s powering. Getting fifty boxes on the loading dock, taking a deep breath, and opening the one on top. The stuff is loveable, but the work is the real archives, and the work is what we celebrate here at King County Archives for Archives Month!

              In addition, we’ve asked some of our archivists to share their favorite memories and pieces of their work. Read on for more:

County Archivist Dani: Have you ever marveled that an image taken 100+ years ago is still able to be seen and examined?  It isn’t dumb luck which preserved that image.  Non-textual materials (like photographs) are some of the more challenging materials to care for and preserve due to the finicky nature of most early audio-visual documentation processes.  Glass plate negatives, nitrate film, lantern slides: all require specialized storage conditions and careful handling to prevent damage, both to the object itself and to the rest of the archival collection.  Too cold, the material can become brittle and crack.  Too hot, the material can bubble and split; some materials even burst into flame when temperatures rise too much!  For example, nitrate film (and nitrate negatives) are highly toxic and extremely combustible materials when they begin to deteriorate due to the nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide fumes that are generated as the material breaks down.  Some institutions have lost whole wings of their storage facilities to fires caused by nitrate film that got too warm and ignited.  Luckily, the big film companies began phasing nitrate film out of their product offerings in the 1920s and most non-textual records after about 1955 are entirely cellulose, so nitrate film is a relatively small part of what we have here at the King Count Archives.  To care for what we do have, we keep our (small) collection of nitrate negatives in a special refrigerator inside our already environmentally controlled secure storage area and archivists have special training on how to handle and care for nitrate-based film. 

Assistant Archivist Jen: During a summer internship long ago, I worked on a pilot project for digitizing a museum archives collection that held material about significant exhibitions and events held by the museum but also information about artists that had worked with the museum over time or had their work on exhibition there. The best part for me was the experience in getting to dive into a simplified open source database, learn all the bits and bobs to get it to work and then use it as a learning space for me to better understand how archival material can be described and made more accessible. At the same time, all that work with the simplified database also helped me get more comfortable with later projects for picking up and learning new software and scanning technologies that have had varying complexities.

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50 Years of Home Rule Governance: The Archives Celebrates the King County Charter and the First Council

01 Wednesday May 2019

Posted by kcarchivist in Other

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Tags

charter, councilmembers, county council, county executive, first council, first executive, golden anniversary, history, home rule, king county history, legislative history, Photographs, proceedings, transcripts, washington state

Fifty years ago today, the first King County Council and County Executive were sworn in under the Home Rule Charter. The current Council is celebrating the golden anniversary at today’s meeting with historic images from the Archives collection. Below: read the Charter and follow along with the first swearing-in ceremony on May 1, 1969, through the transcript and photographs taken on that day.

The Home Rule Charter

“A home rule charter for King County by the Board of King County Freeholders,” 1969, Series 872: Documents Collection, box 30, document 480, King County Archives

Download the 1969 Charter (PDF)Download

May 1, 1969: The Swearing-In Ceremony

Hon. Story Birdseye (center, with hand raised), Presiding Judge of King County Superior Court, swears in John D. Spellman (left) as County Executive, on May 1, 1969 at the King County Courthouse. Also pictured facing the camera, left to right: Ed Munro (Dist. 7), Dave Mooney (Dist. 9), and Bernice Stern (Dist. 5).

Series 400: Department of Transportation Road Services Division Photograph and Moving Image Files, box 52, file 917, King County Archives

Proceedings

Official proceedings of the swearing-in of the first King County Council and County Executive, May 1, 1969. Series 134: County Council Proceedings, box 1, folder 1, King County Archives

Transcript

Transcript of the swearing-in of the first King County Council and County Executive, May 1, 1969. Series 134: County Council Proceedings, box 1, folder 1, King County Archives

Portraits: John D. Spellman

County Executive John D. Spellman, 1978
Series 1591: Clerk of the Council Public Relations Materials, box 11, folder 10, King County Archives

Portraits: First County Council

Chairman John T. O'Brien
Chairman John T. O’Brien
Bernice Stern
Bernice Stern (Dist. 5)
Tracey J. Owen
Tracy J. Owen (Dist. 1)
Tom M. Forsythe
Tom M. Forsythe (Dist. 6)
Ed Munro
Ed Munro (Dist. 7)
Dave Mooney
Dave Mooney (Dist. 9)
Bill Reams
William (Bill) H. Reams (Dist. 3)
Vice-Chairman Robert B. Dunn
Vice-Chairman Robert B. Dunn (Dist. 2)
Ed Heavey
Ed Heavey (Dist. 8)

Official councilmember portraits, 1970. Series 705: County Council Photographs, folder 1, King County Archives

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Scenes from the late 1980s: Looking back at the construction of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel

21 Thursday Mar 2019

Posted by kcarchivist in Commemorative observances, Events, Exhibits, Photographs

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archives, buses, construction, convention place station, downtown seattle transit tunnel, dstt, history, infrastructure, international district station, king street station, light rail, metro, ned ahrens, old seattle, paramount theatre, pioneer square station, retail history, seattle, sinkhole, stores, surveying, surveys, tbm, transit, transit stations, tunnel boring machine, tunnels, underground, union station, university station, westlake station

On March 23, the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel (DSTT) will convert to Link light rail trains only, and bus service will be moved to surface streets. At the Archives, we’re reminiscing over these photographs of its construction, showing a glimpse of 1980s Seattle and the people who built the tunnel.

The photos below come from Series 1844: Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel project files and Series 1147: Office of Information Resource Management Printing and Graphic Arts photographs. Ask an archivist if you have any questions about any of these photographs or the other transit-related records held at the King County Archives.

Pre-Construction Survey

As construction began, Metro staff took photographs of the interior and exterior of buildings along the tunnel’s route, ostensibly to document the current condition of the structures.

Nordstrom Best, 1536 Westlake Ave (Feb 17, 1987)
Nordstrom Best, 1536 Westlake Ave (Feb 17, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Frederick & Nelson, 500 Pine St (Feb 24, 1987)
Spin's Tavern, 521 3rd Ave (Mar 4, 1987)
Spin’s Tavern, 521 3rd Ave (Mar 4, 1987)
Spin's Tavern, 521 3rd Ave (Mar 4, 1987)
Spin’s Tavern, 521 3rd Ave (Mar 4, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Jay Jacobs, 1530 5th Ave (Mar 5, 1987)
Bruno Magli, 511 Pine St (Mar 5, 1987)
Bruno Magli, 511 Pine St (Mar 5, 1987)
Klopfenstein's, 600 Pine St (Mar 6, 1987)
Klopfenstein’s, 600 Pine St (Mar 6, 1987)
Century Square, 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
Century Square, 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
Century Square, 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
Century Square, 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
B. Dalton (Century Square), 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
B. Dalton (Century Square), 1529 4th Ave (Apr 7, 1987)
Lobby of the Pacific Building, 720 3rd Ave (Sep 14, 1987)
Lobby of the Pacific Building, 720 3rd Ave (Sep 14, 1987)
The Goodie Box (Dexter Horton Building), 709 3rd Ave (Sep 14, 1987)
The Goodie Box (Dexter Horton Building), 709 3rd Ave (Sep 14, 1987)
Kay's Cookie Kitchen, 1111 3rd Ave (Oct 23, 1987)
Kay’s Cookie Kitchen, 1111 3rd Ave (Oct 23, 1987)
Kay's Cookie Kitchen, 1111 3rd Ave (Oct 23, 1987)
Kay’s Cookie Kitchen, 1111 3rd Ave (Oct 23, 1987)
Theatre Building, 1515 3rd St (Nov 12, 1987)
Theatre Building, 1515 3rd St (Nov 12, 1987)
Smoke Shop (Sterling Building), 1412 3rd Ave (Dec 10, 1987)
Smoke Shop (Sterling Building), 1412 3rd Ave (Dec 10, 1987)

Documenting Construction

During construction, thousands of photographs were taken, in a variety of formats, to document the complex work required to dig the tunnel and prepare it for service. The photographs below are from the project files and were taken by Ray Halvorson, Ed Hunter, Norm Nelson, Vic Oblas, Keith Nordlund, and Merdad Shahverdi.

Convention Place demolition (May 4, 1987) - Ray Halvorson
Convention Place demolition (May 4, 1987) – Ray Halvorson
Convention Place demolition (May 4, 1987) - Ray Halvorson
Convention Place demolition (May 4, 1987) – Ray Halvorson
Tunnel construction (May 4, 1987) - Ray Halvorson
Tunnel construction (May 4, 1987) – Ray Halvorson
5th Ave/6th Ave Alley Duct Bank (May 6, 1987) - Ray Halvorson
5th Ave/6th Ave Alley Duct Bank (May 6, 1987) – Ray Halvorson
Westlake Center construction (May 13, 1987 - Ray Halvorson
Westlake Center construction (May 13, 1987 – Ray Halvorson
Westlake Center (May 21, 1987) - Ray Halvorson
Westlake Center (May 21, 1987) – Ray Halvorson
Tunnel construction (Apr 22, 1987) - Keith Nordlund
Tunnel construction (Apr 22, 1987) – Keith Nordlund
Pile drilling by auger (May 13, 1987) - Merdad Shahverdi
Pile drilling by auger (May 13, 1987) – Merdad Shahverdi
Excavation, Pine St (Jun 29, 1987) - Merdad Shahverdi
Excavation, Pine St (Jun 29, 1987) – Merdad Shahverdi
Tunnel construction (May 5, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel construction (May 5, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel boring machine near King Street Station (May 10, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel boring machine near King Street Station (May 10, 1987) – Vic Oblas
MH20 placement (Aug 12, 1987) - Ed Hunter
MH20 placement (Aug 12, 1987) – Ed Hunter
12' diameter rebar structure, Convention Place (Jul 28, 1987) - Merdad Shahverdi
12′ diameter rebar structure, Convention Place (Jul 28, 1987) – Merdad Shahverdi
Tunnel construction (Jun 2, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jun 2, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jul 6, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jul 6, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jun 26, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jun 26, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jun 26, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel construction (Jun 26, 1987) – Norm Nelson

Station Construction (1987)

The following photographs were taken by Norm Nelson and Vic Oblas.

Tunnel station construction (Aug 5, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Aug 5, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Aug 14, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Aug 14, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Sep 23, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Sep 23, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 24, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 25, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 25, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 25, 1987) - Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Sep 25, 1987) – Norm Nelson
Tunnel station construction (Oct 13, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Oct 13, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Oct 13, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Oct 13, 1987) – Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Nov 4, 1987) - Vic Oblas
Tunnel station construction (Nov 4, 1987) – Vic Oblas

Station Construction: International District (1988-1989)

International District Station construction (Sep 26, 1988)
International District Station construction (Sep 26, 1988)
Dan Graczyk, Manager of Transit Operations for Metro Tunnel Project (Sep 28, 1988)
Dan Graczyk, Manager of Transit Operations for Metro Tunnel Project (Sep 28, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 4, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 6, 1988)
International District Station construction (Oct 6, 1988)
International District Station construction (Jul 13, 1989)
International District Station construction (Jul 13, 1989)
International District Station construction (Jul 11, 1989)
International District Station construction (Jul 11, 1989)
International District Station construction (no date)
International District Station construction (no date)
International District Station construction (Sep 26, 1988)
International District Station construction (Sep 26, 1988)

Station Construction: Pioneer Square Station (1988-1989)

South Portal BNRR Tunnel: Colbeck flatcar with compressor sandblaster (Jun 1, 1988)
South Portal BNRR Tunnel: Colbeck flatcar with compressor sandblaster (Jun 1, 1988)
South Portal BNRR Tunnel: Colbeck Sandblast train (Jun 1, 1988)
South Portal BNRR Tunnel: Colbeck Sandblast train (Jun 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Feb 15, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Feb 15, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 9, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 9, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jun 17, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jul 18, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jul 18, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 1, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jul 18, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Jul 18, 1989)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 9, 1988)
Pioneer Square Station construction (Dec 9, 1988)

Station Construction: Various (1989)

Station construction (Dec 7, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 7, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 7, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 7, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 11, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 11, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 19, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 19, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 11, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 11, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 12, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 12, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)
Station construction (Dec 14, 1989)

Station Construction: University Street Station (1990)

University Street Station construction (Feb 1, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Feb 1, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 15, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 12, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 12, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 17, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 17, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 22, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 22, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 19, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Mar 19, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Feb 1, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Feb 1, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 12, 1990)
University Street Station construction (Jan 12, 1990)

The photographs below are from Printing and Graphic Arts. Photographers include Ned Ahrens, Tim Healy, and Barton L. Attebery.

1147-1-21-008_8011-34_TunnelRail_thumb
Construction area, 9th Ave and Pine St
Construction area, 9th Ave and Pine St
1147-1-27-051_CementTrucks_thumb
Nordstrom
Nordstrom
Sinkhole, 6th Ave (Mar 1987)
Sinkhole, 6th Ave (Mar 1987)
Sinkhole, 3rd Ave and Spring St (Oct 1987)
Sinkhole, 3rd Ave and Spring St (Oct 1987)
1147-1-27-041_7842-19_MovingBeams_thumb
1147-1-27-028_8116-4_BusAndConstr_thumb
Viewing area
Viewing area
Mannequins in a window near the construction (Jul 1987)
Mannequins in a window near the construction (Jul 1987)
Burlington Northern tunnel
Burlington Northern tunnel
1147-1-22-003_5999-24_OpenBusinesses_thumb

Tunnel Construction

1147-1-25-002_7481-5A_TunnelLight_thumb
Westlake construction
Westlake construction
1147-1-25-004_7479-10_Machinery_thumb
1147-1-20-012_Construction_thumb
1147-1-25-005_8093-3rdAveTunnel_thumb
1147-1-27-007_DSTPConst_thumb
1147-1-27-045_7087-11A_DSTPConstr_thumb
Tunnel boring machine
Tunnel boring machine
Tunnel boring machine
Tunnel boring machine
1147-1-27-016_7469-29_TunnelTools_thumb
1147-1-27-043_TruckInTunnel_thumb

Station Construction

1147-1-23-001_Constr_thumb
International District Station, Union Station, and the Kingdome
International District Station, Union Station, and the Kingdome
Smoothing concrete
Smoothing concrete
Installing tiles at International District Station
Installing tiles at International District Station
1147-1-26-003_7664-9_StairsConstr_thumb
1147-1-26-007_Worker_thumb
1147-1-26-008_7664-8_StairsConstr_thumb
Westlake Station
Westlake Station
1147-1-26-012_ConstInt_thumb
1147-1-27-029_IntConstr_thumb
Westlake construction
Westlake construction
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station entrance
Pioneer Square Station entrance
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station entrance
Pioneer Square Station entrance
Bird's-eye view of Convention Place Station
Bird’s-eye view of Convention Place Station
1147-1-21-019_7966-27_Worker_thumb
Convention Place Station
Convention Place Station
Convention Place Station, in front of the Paramount Theatre
Convention Place Station, in front of the Paramount Theatre
1147-1-20-013_8080-31A_Worker_thumb
1147-1-20-009_7678-28A_Tunnel_thumb
Laying rails at Convention Place Station
Laying rails at Convention Place Station
Pioneer Square Station tunnel segments
Pioneer Square Station tunnel segments
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station

The people who built the tunnel

1147-1-20-005_7989-20_Truck_thumb
1147-1-21-010_7163-33_ConstrTube_thumb
1147-1-27-014_Surveyor_thumb
1147-1-27-015_7942-7_Staff_thumb
Tunnel workers take a break
Tunnel workers take a break
Installing rail
Installing rail
1147-1-27-031_StaffConstr_thumb
1147-1-27-032_7842-9_StaffMetalBeams_thumb
Relocating utilities
Relocating utilities
Drilling tests, with Smith Tower in the background
Drilling tests, with Smith Tower in the background
1147-1-27-037_7087-18A_DSTP_thumb
Moving utilities near 3rd Ave
Moving utilities near 3rd Ave
The Bon Marché, 3rd Ave and Pine St
The Bon Marché, 3rd Ave and Pine St
Metro staff on the Monorail tracks
Metro staff on the Monorail tracks
Drilling near Pine St
Drilling near Pine St
1147-1-27-046_7087-17A_DSTPConstr_thumb
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Employees tour the tunnel
Tunnel breakthrough
Tunnel breakthrough
Control room for the tunnel
Control room for the tunnel

Tunnel Stations

University Street Station entrance (Dec 1991)
University Street Station entrance (Dec 1991)
University Street Station
University Street Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Pioneer Square Station
Panorama of Convention Place Station; Paramount Theatre is on the right
Panorama of Convention Place Station; Paramount Theatre is on the right
Convention Place Station
Convention Place Station
Convention Place Station
Convention Place Station
Pioneer Square Station gates
Pioneer Square Station gates
Pioneer Square Station entrance
Pioneer Square Station entrance

DSTT Events

Tunnel run (Sep 1990)
Tunnel run (Sep 1990)
First day of tunnel operations: first bus through (Sep 15, 1990) - Ned Ahrens
First day of tunnel operations: first bus through (Sep 15, 1990) – Ned Ahrens
First day of tunnel operations: first bus through (Sep 15, 1990) - Ned Ahrens
First day of tunnel operations: first bus through (Sep 15, 1990) – Ned Ahrens
Tunnel completed festivities (Nov 1988)
Tunnel completed festivities (Nov 1988)
1147-1-21-003_7518-5-28_WomanBucket_thumb
1147-1-27-017_7819-13_BusInTunnel_thumb
A model poses in front of a tunnel opening
A model poses in front of a tunnel opening
Mighty Mole, mascot for the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, at the tunnel breakthrough
Mighty Mole, mascot for the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, at the tunnel breakthrough
Mighty Mole enjoying breakfast
Mighty Mole enjoying breakfast
Mighty Mole and Jack Kent (1987)
Mighty Mole and Jack Kent (1987)

As we say bon voyage to the buses leaving the tunnel, contact the Archives for more information about the photographs above, to make an appointment to see more, or to ask an archivist about anything else related to King County history!

Digitization and description of photographs: Amanda Demeter and Danielle Coyle

Text and arrangement: Jill Anderson

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Secondary Value: Using Road Construction Records for Genealogy

10 Tuesday Apr 2018

Posted by kcarchivist in Other, Photographs

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

aerials, archives, genealogy, history, maps, plans, property ownership, roads, secondary use, surveys, topography

fallcity

Detail from survey, map no. 101-5.B, showing Fall City in 1913

 

In an earlier blog post, we talked about the secondary research value of aerial photographs. Secondary value is research that can be done in records that is different from the purposes for which the records were originally created.

In addition to aerial photographs, another good source of secondary research value are the historical records of the King County Road Services Division. These records were originally created to document road construction or maintenance, but can also provide a wealth of information about historical structures, property ownership, or geographic or environmental conditions.

The bulk of these documents are available online, in the Road Services Division’s Map Vault, an online repository of nearly 200,000 plans, drawings, surveys, and aerial photographs. Secondary uses of these records include:

    • Providing contextual detail to basic genealogical facts,

 

  • Researching historical land or vegetation conditions, or
  • Tracking the development of the built environment.

This post will examine how to locate evidence about an ancestor in road project records and what these records can show.searchfields

Secondary Use Example: Genealogy

Road surveys and road establishment files (also called Road History Packets) can be rich sources of land ownership information, if your ancestor owned land in a part of King County which was unincorporated at the time and if county forces did construction or maintenance work nearby.

block102-10_a

Title block from the bottom left corner of the Issaquah-Fall City survey map, containing information that can be used to locate it in the Map Vault

 

In April 1914, as part of a bond issue to reduce steep grades on county highways, county surveyors created this 3′ x 11.5′ map, showing the alignment of Issaquah-Fall City Rd. (Today the route shown in this survey follows part of Interstate 90 until turning north and following Preston Fall City Rd SE.)

large102-10_a

“Survey No. 1137, Issaquah Fall City,” map no. 102-10.A, 1914

 

Part of determining the route of the road required documenting who owned property along the route and thus would be affected by construction – how access and travel would be improved or hindered, what right-of-way would need to be acquired, or what structures or other property might be taken down or relocate to accommodate the road.

In this survey, just south of Fall City and a cemetery owned by the International Order of Odd Fellows, is the property of William Wallace Pulver. Censuses and vital records indicate that Pulver was born in May 1839 to Harvey and Providence (or Prudence) Pulver, probably in Ontario, Canada. Sometime in the 1890s, he moved to western Washington, and began to purchase land in and around Fall City. In the detail below, the alignment of the road runs right through this part of Pulver’s land, where he had apple trees, a water closet, patches of raspberries and currants, and fencing around his property.

wmpulver102-10_a

Detail from “Survey No. 1137,” map no. 102-10.A, 1914

 

This survey map also points to a book of survey field notes, discovered in the notation next to the intersection between the right-of-way and Pulver’s fence: “Fence Post Vol. 352 ‘A’ pg. 13.” That survey field book is also in the Map Vault and provides more detailed notes about the survey around Pulver’s garden. Knowing that William Pulver had a flushing toilet, a garden, and potentially an orchard not only gives us a glimpse of life in the early years of the county, but sheds light on Pulver’s occupation and economic status.

That’s great, but how do I find my ancestors in these records anyway?

In the 1800s and early 1900s, King County roads requested by citizens were initially named after the main petitioner. Thus, Seattle founding father David Swinson “Doc” Maynard shows up in the Map Vault as a petitioner of at least two roads and can be searched for by entering his last name into the “Project/map name” field.

maynardsearch

 

An example using a surname

 

Clicking the link for the second result to download the Road History Packet for D. S. Maynard Road No. 2 provides not only Maynard’s original signature but also the reports to the King County Commissioners, written by Maynard himself as foreman of the crew surveying the route.

roadpacket
maynardmercersurvey

This search by surname only works for the main petitioner – in this case, David “Doc” Maynard. Often the property owner petitioning for the road would recruit his or her neighbors to support the petition; these additional signatories are not indexed, unfortunately. However, this means that searching by the name of a known neighbor may yield documents that also mention the ancestor. Look in late 19th- or early 20th-century censuses for the people that lived nearby and search by their surnames as well.

The Map Vault is also searchable by location (section, township, and range) or by road name, so determining the location of an ancestor’s land through other records may also provide information that can be used to search the Vault.

The King County Road Services Division Map Vault is located at http://www.kingcounty.gov/mapvault, and the Road Services Division Map and Records Center can answer questions about how to use the Map Vault (email them at map.roads@kingcounty.gov). The original road history packets and many other historical roads records have been transferred to the King County Archives. Contact us at archives@kingcounty.gov.

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From Coal to the Cold War: Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park’s Former Nike Missile Sites

13 Thursday Oct 2016

Posted by kcarchivist in Archives Month, Other, Photographs

≈ 1 Comment

Tags

archives, cold war, history, nike, parks, recreation

This is the second in a series of blog posts celebrating American Archives Month 2016, using King County records to tell stories on Washington state’s theme of “We Love Parks.” For more, see “Athletes with Disabilities: King County Parks as a Recreation Pioneer” and “Lake Wilderness Lodge: Mid-Century Modern, Pacific Northwest Style.”

At the center of the Seattle Defense Area, King County was home to at least seven Nike missile installations between 1956 and 1974, most of which became county or city parks after decommissioning. The former Nike sites at Cougar Mountain and Lake Youngs were both taken over by King County Parks and developed into recreational areas for the benefit of the public.

series1629-box1-folder1-002

Bird’s-eye photograph of Cougar Mountain, 1982. Taken from near just southeast of the intersection of SE May Valley Rd & SR 900.
Series 1629, Box 1, Folder 1.

Locating Missile Sites

The rapid stockpiling of American and Soviet missile arsenals that came to define the Atomic Age raised the possibility of sudden, decisive strikes that all but guaranteed long-term, widespread devastation for the government caught off-guard. American resources were invested not only in civilian defense, but into building an arsenal, ensuring the promise of mutually assured destruction and deploying dozens of defensive conventional and nuclear missile silos around major coastal cities and military installations.

Siting the installations during early planning phases was problematic; launch sites needed to be located in defensive rings around major cities and critical sites, but also required 119 acres per site. By the time the Ajax and Hercules sites of the Seattle Defense Area were built, architect Leon Chatelain, Jr., had designed underground sites that not only provided first-strike protection to the command and control facilities, but also decreased the necessary amount of land to 40 acres and allowed the sites to be located closer to the cities they defended.

Building a Park

King County acquired the former Nike sites through multiple transactions between the 1960s and the 1980s. The current site of Petrovitsky Park was once part of the Lake Youngs dual launch and control sites, stocked with Ajax surface-to-air missiles and operational between 1956 and 1961. Grandview Park and Kent Mountain View Academy in SeaTac are located on land acquired from King County after the Army decommissioned the former site of S-43, the Kent/Midway Ajax launch installation.

S-33 Lake Youngs launch site (map no. KCAS-1965-23.05)
S-33 Lake Youngs launch site (map no. KCAS-1965-23.05)
S-43 Kent/Midway, 1965 (map no. KCAS-1965-22.04)
S-43 Kent/Midway, 1965 (map no. KCAS-1965-22.04)

Above, 1965 Aerial Survey images from the King County Road Services Map Vault. Left to right: Lake Youngs (map no. KCAS-1965.23.05); Kent/Midway (map no. KCAS-1965.22.04)

Arguably the crown jewel of the King County Parks system, Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park encompasses the sites of the former Ajax missile launch and control facilities known as S-20. Like Petrovitsky Park, the Cougar Mountain area had experienced active coal mining in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became anti-ballistic missile installations during the late 1950s and early 1960s. During construction of the underground missile storage vaults, Army contractors reportedly filled two open mine shafts with concrete to seal the openings and stabilize the area.

Cougar Mountain Launch Site Park Plan

Cougar Mountain Launch Site Park Plan, 1981. Series 1876 – Parks maintenance subject files, box 2

Deactivated in 1964, both the control and launch sites at Cougar Mountain were acquired by the King County Parks and Recreation Division and turned into the upper and lower park areas in 1983. In 1993, Parks partnered with the Army Corps of Engineers and government contractors on an environmental project at the former control site: removing the mess hall, latrine, and assembly and test buildings; pumping water out of the missile vaults; and seeding the launch area to cover it with grass. Some of the upper site remains.

S-20 Cougar Mountain control site (ref ID 900.25)
S-20 Cougar Mountain control site (ref ID 900.25)
S-20 Cougar Mountain launch site (ref ID 900.26)
S-20 Cougar Mountain launch site (ref ID 900.26)

Aerial photographs of S-20 Cougar Mountain/Issaquah, ca. 1970s-1990s. Left: control site near Anti-Aircraft Peak; right: launch site off of Clay Pit Rd.
Series 900, Rolls 25 and 26.

King County continued to acquire land around these two initial sites, with the goal of building the park into a large public recreational area, close to urban populated areas and providing access to a wide variety of wild natural areas within the context of the region’s developmental history. “The green spaces within urbanized areas are not created or preserved because the land underneath is unsuitable for urbanization,” proclaimed a 1981 study by the Parks and Recreation Division:

Instead, the green spaces are there because the overall metropolitan complex needs them and ‘forward thinking decision makers’ have preserved them. . . . It is not any individual specific scene or composition that is captivating [at Cougar Mountain]; rather, visitors are taken by the mountain’s aggregate extent, its variety and landscape complexity and its many-acred largeness.

Miles of trails, expansive views of the region, and distinctive terrain characterize this landscape, and it is one of the few sites in King County with such an abundant diversity of native Washington plants. Today, Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park contains 3,100 acres of public wildland, connected to Squak Mountain State Park for a total of 5,000 acres of land protected for the enjoyment of all.

Photoillustration from the Cougar Mountain Master Plan (ref ID 467.2.24)
Photoillustration from the Cougar Mountain Master Plan (ref ID 467.2.24)
Bird's-eye view of Cougar Mountain, ca 1970s or 1980s, from the vicinity of *-90 and 17th Ave NW (ref ID 467.2.24)
Bird’s-eye view of Cougar Mountain, ca 1970s or 1980s, from the vicinity of *-90 and 17th Ave NW (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1990 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1990 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1983 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, ca. 1983 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Jan 1995, by Nancy Clendaniel Photography (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Jan 1995, by Nancy Clendaniel Photography (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Jan 1995, by Nancy Clendaniel Photography (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Jan 1995, by Nancy Clendaniel Photography (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Upper Nike site (control), field and woodframe building near north and east boundary of site, 15 Sep 1980 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Upper Nike site (control), field and woodframe building near north and east boundary of site, 15 Sep 1980 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Glacier Peak, Lake Sammamish, from viewpoint about 25-30 yds east of Upper Cougar Mountain Nike site, 10 Sep 1980 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Glacier Peak, Lake Sammamish, from viewpoint about 25-30 yds east of Upper Cougar Mountain Nike site, 10 Sep 1980 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Cougar Mountain Regional Wildlife Park, Aug 1994 (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view - vicinity of the lower Nike site (launch), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view – vicinity of the lower Nike site (launch), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view of the lower Nike site (launch), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view of the lower Nike site (launch), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view of the upper Nike site (control), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)
Aerial view of the upper Nike site (control), ca. 1980s (ref ID 467.2.24)

Selections from Series 467, Photograph files of the King County Parks System, Cougar Mountain, Box 2, Folder 24.

Sources

Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park in King County, Washington, http://www.kingcounty.gov/services/parks-recreation/parks/parks-and-natural-lands/popular-parks/cougar.aspx.

Fred Weinmann, “Cougar Mountain Regional Wildland Park—Marshall Hill Trail, DeLeo Wall and Redtown Meadow — April 20,” Washington Native Plant Society (Seattle, WA), http://www.wnps.org/cps/walks/apr-02.html, updated 3 Jul 2016.

John C. Lonnquest, David F. Winkler, and Julie L. Webster, “To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program” (Washington, DC, 1996).

King County Archives records cited

Series 467- King County Parks System – Photograph files, Box 2, Folder 24: “Cougar Mountain”

Series 900 – Department of Natural Resources and Parks – Aerial photographs:

Roll 25, Cougar Mountain Upper, 1″=50′
Roll 26, Cougar Mountain Lower, 1″=50′

Series 1629 – Office of Information Resource Management: Service Development / Printing and Graphic Arts – Photographs: Negatives, Box 1, Folder 1

Series 1876 – Department of Natural Resources and Parks – Parks maintenance subject files, box 2:

Study: “Cougar Mountain Regional Park,” King County Parks and Recreation Division (Seattle, WA, 1981).

Memo from Steve Williams to Randy Schroers, Bud Parker, and Ron Erickson (30 Nov 1992).

Related King County Resources

  • King County Parks and the Parks Plog
  • King County Road Services Division Map Vault
October is American Archives Month!
The theme chosen by the Washington State Archives for 2016 is “we love parks.” This is the second of a series of four posts from the King County Archives on the history of King County Parks.
2016badge_final_flat_rectangle

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(206) 263-2480
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